| 1 |
Cervical Cancer Age-standardized Incidence (per 100,000) |
Summary Statistics |
Country value compared with average values for global, WHO region, and country income group. |
All countries for which data existed were included in group averages, as provided by a meta-analysis from the
HPV Information Centre. For income group average, countries were divided into four
income groups according to the World Bank, based on gross national income (GNI) per capita. Low-income groups are defined
as those with a GNI per capita of $1,025 or less; lower middle-income groups have a GNI per capita between $1,026 and $3,995;
upper-middle income groups have a GNI per capita between $3,996 and $12,375; high-income groups have a GNI per capita of
$12,376 or more. The units for thresholds are in US Dollars. GNI calculations use the World Bank Atlas Method from 2018.
Country income groups use classifications from the World Bank’s 2020 fiscal year
|
Public access.
The World Bank Atlas method - detailed methodology.
World Bank Country and Lending Groups
Restricted access. HPV Information Centre, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Public access to source publications.
Bruni L, Diaz M, Castellsagué M, Ferrer E, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S. Cervical Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in 5 Continents: Meta-Analysis of 1 Million Women with
Normal Cytological Findings. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010;202(12):1789-99.
de Sanjosé S, Diaz M, Castellsagué X, Clifford G, Bruni L, Muñoz N, et al. Worldwide prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus DNA in women
with normal cytology: a meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2007;7(7):453-9.
|
| 2 |
Cervical Cancer Age-standardized Mortality (per 100,000) |
Summary Statistics |
Country value compared with average values for global, WHO region, and country income group. |
All countries for which data existed were included in group averages, as provided by a meta-analysis from the
HPV Information Centre. For income group average, countries were divided into four
income groups according to the World Bank, based on gross national income (GNI) per capita. Low-income groups are defined
as those with a GNI per capita of $1,025 or less; lower middle-income groups have a GNI per capita between $1,026 and $3,995;
upper-middle income groups have a GNI per capita between $3,996 and $12,375; high-income groups have a GNI per capita of
$12,376 or more. The units for thresholds are in US Dollars. GNI calculations use the World Bank Atlas Method from 2018.
Country income groups use classifications from the World Bank’s 2020 fiscal year
|
Public access.
The World Bank Atlas method - detailed methodology.
World Bank Country and Lending Groups
Restricted access. HPV Information Centre, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Public access to source publications.
Bruni L, Diaz M, Castellsagué M, Ferrer E, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S. Cervical Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in 5 Continents: Meta-Analysis of 1 Million Women with
Normal Cytological Findings. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010;202(12):1789-99.
de Sanjosé S, Diaz M, Castellsagué X, Clifford G, Bruni L, Muñoz N, et al. Worldwide prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus DNA in women
with normal cytology: a meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2007;7(7):453-9.
|
| 3 |
Prevalence of HPV Infection (Any Serotypes) (%) |
Summary Statistics |
Country value compared with average values for global, WHO region, and country income group. |
All countries for which data existed were included in group averages, as provided by a meta-analysis from the
HPV Information Centre. For income group average, countries were divided into four
income groups according to the World Bank, based on gross national income (GNI) per capita. Low-income groups are defined
as those with a GNI per capita of $1,025 or less; lower middle-income groups have a GNI per capita between $1,026 and $3,995;
upper-middle income groups have a GNI per capita between $3,996 and $12,375; high-income groups have a GNI per capita of
$12,376 or more. The units for thresholds are in US Dollars. GNI calculations use the World Bank Atlas Method from 2018.
Country income groups use classifications from the World Bank’s 2020 fiscal year
|
Public access.
The World Bank Atlas method - detailed methodology.
World Bank Country and Lending Groups
Restricted access. HPV Information Centre, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Public access to source publications.
Bruni L, Diaz M, Castellsagué M, Ferrer E, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S. Cervical Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in 5 Continents: Meta-Analysis of 1 Million Women with
Normal Cytological Findings. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010;202(12):1789-99.
de Sanjosé S, Diaz M, Castellsagué X, Clifford G, Bruni L, Muñoz N, et al. Worldwide prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus DNA in women
with normal cytology: a meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2007;7(7):453-9.
|
| 4 |
HPV Vaccination Programme Coverage in Females, Last Dose (%) |
Summary Statistics |
Country value compared with average values for global, WHO region, and country income group. |
All countries for which data existed were included in group averages, as provided by a meta-analysis from the
HPV Information Centre. For income group average, countries were divided into four
income groups according to the World Bank, based on gross national income (GNI) per capita. Low-income groups are defined
as those with a GNI per capita of $1,025 or less; lower middle-income groups have a GNI per capita between $1,026 and $3,995;
upper-middle income groups have a GNI per capita between $3,996 and $12,375; high-income groups have a GNI per capita of
$12,376 or more. The units for thresholds are in US Dollars. GNI calculations use the World Bank Atlas Method from 2018.
Country income groups use classifications from the World Bank’s 2020 fiscal year
|
Public access.
The World Bank Atlas method - detailed methodology.
World Bank Country and Lending Groups
Restricted access. HPV Information Centre, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Public access to source publications.
Bruni L, Diaz M, Castellsagué M, Ferrer E, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S. Cervical Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in 5 Continents: Meta-Analysis of 1 Million Women with
Normal Cytological Findings. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010;202(12):1789-99.
de Sanjosé S, Diaz M, Castellsagué X, Clifford G, Bruni L, Muñoz N, et al. Worldwide prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus DNA in women
with normal cytology: a meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2007;7(7):453-9.
|
| 5 |
Total population |
Population & Demographics |
Total population estimates in a country. |
Includes the Revision of World Population Prospects, the United Nations estimates and projections prepared by the Population Division of the
Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. Available in English, Spanish, and French. Accessed on
September 8th, 2019. |
Public access. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019, Online
Edition. Accessed on September 8th, 2019. |
| 6 |
Female population at 9 years old |
Population & Demographics |
Estimated number of 9-year-old females in a country. |
Includes the Revision of World Population Prospects, the United Nations estimates and projections prepared by the Population Division of the
Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. Available in English, Spanish, and French. Accessed on
September 8th, 2019. |
Public access. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019, Online
Edition. Accessed on September 8th, 2019. |
| 7 |
Female population at 10-14 years old |
Population & Demographics |
Estimated number of 10 to 14-year-old females in a country. |
Includes the Revision of World Population Prospects, the United Nations estimates and projections prepared by the Population Division of the
Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. Available in English, Spanish, and French. Accessed on
September 8th, 2019. |
Public access. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019, Online
Edition. Accessed on September 8th, 2019. |
| 8 |
Incidence and Mortality of HPV-related Cancers 2018 |
Burden of Disease |
Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 person-years for HPV-related cancers of the cervix, penis, vagina, and vulva calculated
using the direct method and the world standard population. |
Observed national incidence and mortality rates were projected to 45 countries. Rates for remaining countries were estimated from national mortality data by modeling,
and using mortality-to-incidence ratios derived from cancer registries in that country, or neighboring countries. |
Public access. Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F. Global Cancer Observatory, 2018: Cancer Today. Lyon, France:
International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2018. Accessed August 16th, 2019. |
| 9 |
Prevalence of HPV (any serotype) |
Burden of Disease |
Estimated prevalence of HPV infection for any HPV serotypes. |
Based on two meta-analyses comprising 194 studies (n = 1,016,719 women) and 78 studies (n = 157, 879 women) between 1995 and 2016. Prevalence assessed by both
Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) techniques for HPV detection and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Most studies sample women from the general population, including some with
abnormal cytological findings. For each study, several details are shown: age range of the study population, number of women tested, number of women tested positive,
source and citation of the study. |
Public access to source publications. HPV Information Centre (Catalan Institute of Oncology and International Agency for Research on Cancer).
Bruni et al., 2010. De Sanjosé et al., 2007.
Bruni L, Diaz M, Castellsagué M, Ferrer E, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S. Cervical Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in 5 Continents:
Meta-Analysis of 1 Million Women with Normal Cytological Findings. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010;202(12):1789-99.
de Sanjosé S, Diaz M, Castellsagué X, Clifford G, Bruni L, Muñoz N, et al. Worldwide prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical
human papillomavirus DNA in women with normal cytology: a meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2007;7(7):453-9.
|
| 10 |
Prevalence per HPV Serotype 1995-2009 |
Burden of Disease |
Estimated prevalence of HPV infection, by serotype, among women with normal cytological findings. |
From two meta-analyses comprising 184 studies between 1995 and 2009. Type-specific HPV prevalence was expressed as the proportion of women
positive for a given HPV type among all women tested for this type. Type-specific prevalence includes the presence of a given type either as a
single type or combined with the presence of other concomitant types. Value is provided as a crude estimate and weighted by the number of women tested. |
Public access to source publications. HPV Information Centre (Catalan Institute of Oncology and International Agency for Research on Cancer).
Bruni et al., 2010. De Sanjosé et al., 2007.
Bruni L, Diaz M, Castellsagué M, Ferrer E, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S. Cervical Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in 5 Continents:
Meta-Analysis of 1 Million Women with Normal Cytological Findings. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010;202(12):1789-99.
de Sanjosé S, Diaz M, Castellsagué X, Clifford G, Bruni L, Muñoz N, et al. Worldwide prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical
human papillomavirus DNA in women with normal cytology: a meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2007;7(7):453-9.
|
| 11 |
Net cost (US$) |
Predicted Impact of HPV Vaccination |
Model estimate. Estimated cost of vaccination per fully immunized girl, subtracting estimated treatment costs saved, and including any administration
or delivery costs, in the scenario represented by the model. |
Values are computed by PRIME, a static model projecting vaccine impact, without requiring prior knowledge of screening outcomes. PRIME is simplified to
ignore the magnitude of herd effects on unvaccinated females, suggesting an underestimation of vaccine impact. PRIME is not designed to evaluate options such
as vaccinating males, vaccinating older females, catch-up campaigns or changes to cervical cancer screening. Estimations use a scenario in which 90% of females
aged 9-14 years are vaccinated in 2030. |
Public access. Jit M, Brisson M. Potential lives saved in 73 countries by adopting multi-cohort vaccination of 9–14-year-old girls against human papillomavirus. International Journal of Cancer. 2018;143(2):317-23. |
| 12 |
Cervical cancer cases prevented |
Predicted Impact of HPV Vaccination |
Model estimate. Number of cervical cancer cases eventually averted by HPV vaccination, over the lifetime of the vaccinated cohort, in the scenario
represented by the model. |
Values computed by PRIME, using a scenario in which 90% of females aged 9-14 are vaccinated in 2030, for each year of age i, with the following variables and formula: p(i), proportion of cervical cancers
acquired at age i due to HPV 16/18; x(i), overall cervical cancer incidence at age i prior to vaccination; v1,
vaccine efficacy against HPV 16/18; v2, vaccine efficacy
against HPV types other than 16/18; and c, full-course HPV vaccine coverage prior to sexual debut.
C(i) = x(i) × [ v1 p(i) + v2 (1 - p(i)) ] × c
|
Public access. Jit M, Brisson M. Potential lives saved in 73 countries by adopting multi-cohort vaccination of 9–14-year-old girls against human papillomavirus. International Journal of Cancer. 2018;143(2):317-23. |
| 13 |
Cervical cancer deaths prevented |
Predicted Impact of HPV Vaccination |
Model estimate. Number of deaths due to cervical cancer eventually averted by HPV vaccination, over the lifetime of the vaccinated cohort, in the scenario
represented by the model. |
Values computed by PRIME, using a scenario in which 90% of females aged 9-14 years are vaccinated in 2030, for each year of age i, using the same variables for predicting the number of cervical cancers prevented, with the addition
of m(i), 5-year mortality rate for cervical cancer acquired at age i.
M(i) = x(i) × [ v1 p(i) + v2 (1 - p(i)) ] × c × m(i) |
Public access. Jit M, Brisson M. Potential lives saved in 73 countries by adopting multi-cohort vaccination of 9–14-year-old girls against human papillomavirus. International Journal of Cancer. 2018;143(2):317-23. |
| 14 |
Cost per cervical cancer case prevented (US$) |
Predicted Impact of HPV Vaccination |
Model estimate. Net cost divided by the total number of cervical cancer cases prevented in the scenario represented by the PRIME model. |
Net cost values are computed by PRIME using a scenario in which 90% of females aged 9-14 years are vaccinated in 2030.
Cervical cancer cases prevented values are computed by PRIME, using a scenario in which 90% of females aged 9-14 are vaccinated in 2030,
for each year of age i, with the following variables and formula: p(i), proportion of cervical cancers acquired at age i due to HPV 16/18;
x(i), overall cervical cancer incidence at age i prior to vaccination; v1, vaccine efficacy against HPV 16/18; v2,
vaccine efficacy against
HPV types other than 16/18; and c, full-course HPV vaccine coverage prior to sexual debut.
Number of cancers prevented at age i, C(i) = x(i) × [ v1 p(i) + v2 (1 - p(i)) ] × c
|
Public access. Jit M, Brisson M. Potential lives saved in 73 countries by adopting multi-cohort vaccination of 9–14-year-old girls against human papillomavirus. International Journal of Cancer. 2018;143(2):317-23. |
| 15 |
Cost per cervical cancer death prevented (US$) |
Predicted Impact of HPV Vaccination |
Model estimate. Net cost divided by the total number of cervical cancer deaths prevented in the scenario represented by the PRIME model. |
Net cost values are computed by PRIME using a scenario in which 90% of females aged 9-14 years are vaccinated in 2030.
Cervical cancer deaths prevented values are computed by PRIME, using a scenario in which 90% of females aged 9-14 years are
vaccinated in 2030, for each year of age i, using the same variables for predicting the number of cervical cancers prevented,
with the addition of m(i), 5-year mortality rate for cervical cancer acquired at age i.
Number of deaths prevented at age i, M(i) = x(i) × [ v1 p(i) + v2 (1 - p(i)) ] × c × m(i) |
Public access. Jit M, Brisson M. Potential lives saved in 73 countries by adopting multi-cohort vaccination of 9–14-year-old girls against human papillomavirus. International Journal of Cancer. 2018;143(2):317-23. |
| 16 |
Cost per life year saved (US$) |
Predicted Impact of HPV Vaccination |
Model estimate. Net cost divided by the total number of life years saved in the scenario represented by the PRIME model. |
Net cost values are computed by PRIME using a scenario in which 90% of females aged 9-14 years are vaccinated in 2030.
Number of life years saved by vaccination values are computed by PRIME, using a scenario in which 90% of females aged 9-14 years
are vaccinated in 2030, for each year of age i, using number of deaths prevented at age i, and life expectancy at age i.
Number of deaths prevented at age i, M(i) = x(i) × [ v1 p(i) + v2 (1 - p(i) ] × c × m(i)
Life expectancy at age i, Ex(i)=Tx(i)/Lx(i)
Number of life years saved by vaccination = M(i) x Ex(i)
|
Public access. Jit M, Brisson M. Potential lives saved in 73 countries by adopting multi-cohort vaccination of 9–14-year-old girls against human papillomavirus. International Journal of Cancer. 2018;143(2):317-23. |
| 17 |
National introduction |
HPV Vaccination Programme |
Official country response to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF). Describes existence or not of a national HPV vaccination programme. |
Includes content from WHO/UNICEF JRF, coordinated and maintained by WHO headquarters (Geneva, Switzerland) and UNICEF Headquarters (United Nations and New York).
The JRF is distributed via e-mail to national immunization programmes across the world, and returned data submissions are updated on the WHO website at least three
times per year (June, Mid-July, and December). Accessed on June 10th, 2019. Update scheduled for July 2019. Available in English and French. |
Public access. World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. 6.2 Year of introduction of selected vaccines database. Data, statistics, and Graphics. 2019. |
| 18 |
Introduction year |
HPV Vaccination Programme |
Official country response to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF). Describes the year in which HPV vaccine was introduced at the national level. |
Includes content from WHO/UNICEF JRF, coordinated and maintained by WHO headquarters (Geneva, Switzerland) and UNICEF Headquarters (United Nations and New York).
The JRF is distributed via e-mail to national immunization programmes across the world, and returned data submissions are updated on the WHO website at least three
times per year (June, Mid-July, and December). Accessed on June 10th, 2019. Update scheduled for July 2019. Available in English and French. |
Public access. World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. 6.2 Year of introduction of selected vaccines database. Data, statistics, and Graphics. 2019. |
| 19 |
Scale of introduction |
HPV Vaccination Programme |
Official country response to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF). Describes the scale of HPV vaccine introduction at the national level:
Entirely introduced, or Partially introduced. |
Includes content from WHO/UNICEF JRF, coordinated and maintained by WHO headquarters (Geneva, Switzerland) and UNICEF Headquarters (United Nations and
New York). The JRF is distributed via e-mail to national immunization programmes across the world, and returned data submissions are updated on the WHO
website at least three times per year (June, Mid-July, and December). Accessed on June 10th, 2019. Update scheduled for July 2019. Available in English
and French. |
Public access. World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. 6.2 Year of introduction of selected vaccines database. Data, statistics, and Graphics. 2019. |
| 20 |
Target gender |
HPV Vaccination Programme |
Official country response to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF). Indicates the gender targeted by the national HPV vaccination programme. |
Includes content from WHO/UNICEF JRF, coordinated and maintained by WHO headquarters (Geneva, Switzerland) and UNICEF Headquarters (United Nations and New York).
The JRF is distributed via e-mail to national immunization programmes across the world, and returned data submissions are updated on the WHO website at least three
times per year (June, Mid-July, and December). Accessed on June 10th, 2019. Update scheduled for July 2019. Available in English and French. |
Public access. World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. 6.1 Reported immunization schedules by vaccine. WHO Database. Data for 2000-2018; 2019. |
| 21 |
Target age |
HPV Vaccination Programme |
Official country response to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF). Indicates the age targeted by the national HPV vaccination programme. |
Includes content from WHO/UNICEF JRF, coordinated and maintained by WHO headquarters (Geneva, Switzerland) and UNICEF Headquarters (United Nations and New York).
The JRF is distributed via e-mail to national immunization programmes across the world, and returned data submissions are updated on the WHO website at least three
times per year (June, Mid-July, and December). Accessed on June 10th, 2019. Update scheduled for July 2019. Available in English and French. |
Public access. World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. 6.1 Reported immunization schedules by vaccine. WHO Database. Data for 2000-2018; 2019. |
| 22 |
Number of doses |
HPV Vaccination Programme |
Official country response to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF). Describes the number of doses recommended for the HPV vaccine product used nationally. |
Includes content from WHO/UNICEF JRF, coordinated and maintained by WHO headquarters (Geneva, Switzerland) and UNICEF Headquarters (United Nations and New York).
The JRF is distributed via e-mail to national immunization programmes across the world, and returned data submissions are updated on the WHO website at least three
times per year (June, Mid-July, and December). Accessed on June 10th, 2019. Update scheduled for July 2019. Available in English and French. |
Public access. World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. 6.1 Reported immunization schedules by vaccine. WHO Database. Data for 2000-2018; 2019. |
| 23 |
Dose interval |
HPV Vaccination Programme |
Official country response to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF). Describes the number of months in between doses for the national HPV vaccine given to the target group. |
Includes content from WHO/UNICEF JRF, coordinated and maintained by WHO headquarters (Geneva, Switzerland) and UNICEF Headquarters (United Nations and New York).
The JRF is distributed via e-mail to national immunization programmes across the world, and returned data submissions are updated on the WHO website at least three
times per year (June, Mid-July, and December). Accessed on June 10th, 2019. Update scheduled for July 2019. Available in English and French. |
Public access. World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. 6.1 Reported immunization schedules by vaccine. WHO Database. Data for 2000-2018; 2019. |
| 24 |
Valency of vaccine product |
HPV Vaccination Programme |
Official country response to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF). Describes the valency of the HPV vaccine product used nationally (bivalent, quadrivalent, or nonavalent). |
Includes content from WHO/UNICEF JRF, coordinated and maintained by WHO headquarters (Geneva, Switzerland) and UNICEF Headquarters (United Nations and New York).
The JRF is distributed via e-mail to national immunization programmes across the world, and returned data submissions are updated on the WHO website at least three times
per year (June, Mid-July, and December). Accessed on June 10th, 2019. Update scheduled for July 2019. Available in English and French. |
Public access. World Health Organization (2019). "Data, statistics and graphics." |
| 25 |
HPV Vaccine Price Groups: 2018 |
HPV Vaccination Programme |
Cost of HPV vaccine in 2018, by country income/procurement segments determined by the initiative of Market Information for
Access to vaccines (MI4A)/Vaccine Product Price & Procurement (V3P). The MI4A/V3P collects data through the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting
Form (JRF). HPV procurement methods include self-procurement, which is completed by the majority of non-GAVI and non-PAHO MICs, and pool-procurement. |
Country-specific prices are not available; category price data is public. Accessed on June 10th, 2019. Update shown on May 2019. |
Public access. World Health Organization (2018). Vaccine Product Price & Procurement (V3P) initiative: Key Findings for HPV. |
| 26 |
HPV Vaccination Programme Coverage in Females |
HPV Vaccination Programme |
The percentage of the HPV Vaccination programme's target population that has received the first or last dose of HPV vaccine, per year.
|
WHO recommends HPV vaccination for girls between 9 and 14 years of age. The exact ages targeted for HPV vaccines vary between countries with
vaccination strategies differ from single age, school classes to multiple age-cohorts. As a result, defining meaningful and comparable coverage
indicators for this vaccine is relatively complex. Therefore, the methodology uses two complementary indicators, one for programme performance
in the last calendar year for all vaccination started in girls below 15 years of age and a complementary summary indicator on the resulting
coverage in the cohort of 15-year old girls regardless of the year of vaccination. The latter indicator uses a cohort tracking approach: as
numerator, it uses the cumulative number of doses ever received by a cohort of girls that are 15 years old in the reporting year, as per the
data reported to WHO and UNICEF since 2011 (e.g., data for a cohort of girls turning 15 in 2018 would include in the numerator, doses
administered to girls who were 10 years old in 2013, 11 in 2014, 12 in 2016, 13 in 2016, and 14 in 2017). Both indicators aim to measure
coverage among all girls in target population regardless of strategy implemented. |
Public access. World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. 4.5 WHO/UNICEF Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage estimates. Data for 2000-2018; 2019. |
| 27 |
HPV Vaccination Coverage in Females Aged 15 |
HPV Vaccination Programme |
The percentage of population turning 15 that received any time between age 9 to 14 at least one dose or the full recommended schedule
of HPV vaccine, per year. These coverage figures are highly dependent on the consistency and quality of reporting from the previous 5 years, since it accumulates
the number of doses administered to a specific birth cohort over time. |
WHO recommends HPV vaccination for girls between 9 and 14 years of age. The exact ages targeted for HPV vaccines vary between countries with
vaccination strategies differ from single age, school classes to multiple age-cohorts. As a result, defining meaningful and comparable coverage
indicators for this vaccine is relatively complex. Therefore, the methodology uses two complementary indicators, one for programme performance
in the last calendar year for all vaccination started in girls below 15 years of age and a complementary summary indicator on the resulting
coverage in the cohort of 15-year old girls regardless of the year of vaccination. The latter indicator uses a cohort tracking approach: as numerator,
it uses the cumulative number of doses ever received by a cohort of girls that are 15 years old in the reporting year, as per the data reported to
WHO and UNICEF since 2011 (e.g., data for a cohort of girls turning 15 in 2018 would include in the numerator, doses administered to girls who were
10 years old in 2013, 11 in 2014, 12 in 2016, 13 in 2016, and 14 in 2017). Both indicators aim to measure coverage among all girls in target
population regardless of strategy implemented. |
Public access. World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. 4.5 WHO/UNICEF Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage estimates. Data for 2000-2018; 2019. |
| 28 |
Primary school entrance age |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Age at which students enter primary school, assuming that they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time
and progress through the school system, and do not repeat or skip a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not
always, the most common entrance age. |
Includes data from international household survey programmes, such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the Multiple Indicator Cluster
Surveys (MICS), national surveys or population censuses. Accessed June 14th, 2019. |
Public access. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), Education (full dataset). Accessed June 14, 2019. |
| 29 |
Lower secondary school entrance age |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Age at which students enter lower secondary school, assuming that they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time
and progress through the school system, and do not repeat or skip a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not
always, the most common entrance age. |
Includes data from international household survey programmes, such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the Multiple Indicator Cluster
Surveys (MICS), national surveys or population censuses. Accessed June 14th, 2019. |
Public access. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), Education (full dataset). Accessed June 14, 2019. |
| 30 |
Upper secondary school entrance age |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Age at which students enter upper secondary school, assuming that they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study
full-time and progress through the school system, and do not repeat or skip a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is
typically, but not always, the most common entrance age. |
Includes data from international household survey programmes, such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the Multiple Indicator Cluster
Surveys (MICS), national surveys or population censuses. Accessed June 14th, 2019. |
Public access. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), Education (full dataset). Accessed June 14, 2019. |
| 31 |
Primary school attendance rates (females) |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Total number of female students who are attending primary school, expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population. |
Includes data from international household survey programmes, such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the Multiple Indicator Cluster
Surveys (MICS), national surveys or population censuses. Accessed June 14th, 2019. |
Public access. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), Education (full dataset). Accessed June 14, 2019. |
| 32 |
Lower secondary school attendance rates (females) |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Total number of female students who are attending school at the lower second level of education, expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population. |
Includes data from international household survey programmes, such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the Multiple Indicator Cluster
Surveys (MICS), national surveys or population censuses. Accessed June 14th, 2019. |
Public access. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), Education (full dataset). Accessed June 14, 2019. |
| 33 |
Upper secondary school attendance rates (females) |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Total number of female students who are attending school at the upper second level of education, expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population. |
Includes data from international household survey programmes, such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the Multiple Indicator Cluster
Surveys (MICS), national surveys or population censuses. Accessed June 14th, 2019. |
Public access. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), Education (full dataset). Accessed June 14, 2019. |
| 34 |
Primary out-of-school rate (females) |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Total number of females in the official primary school age range who are not enrolled in primary school,
expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population. |
None. |
Public access. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), Education (full dataset). Accessed June 14, 2019. |
| 35 |
Lower secondary out-of-school rate (females) |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Total number of females in the official lower secondary school age range who are not enrolled in lower secondary school, expressed as a
percentage of the corresponding population. |
None. |
Public access. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), Education (full dataset). Accessed June 14, 2019. |
| 36 |
Upper secondary out-of-school rate (females) |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Total number of females in the official upper secondary school age range who are not enrolled in upper secondary school,
expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population. |
None. |
Public access. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), Education (full dataset). Accessed June 14, 2019. |
| 37 |
Existence of a school-based vaccination programme |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Official country response to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF). Indicates existence of national school-based immunization programme. |
Considers only vaccines that are delivered on a regular basis as a part of the routine immunization schedule. Excludes vaccines or doses given
during catch-up campaigns, supplementary immunization activities, or other vaccination campaigns. |
Public access. World Health Organization. 6.4 Immunization provided at school. WHO Database. Data for 2000-2018; 2019. |
| 38 |
Existence of a school-based HPV vaccination programme |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Official country response to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF). Indicates existence of national school-based HPV immunization programme. |
None. |
Public access. World Health Organization. 6.4 Immunization provided at school. WHO Database. Data for 2000-2018; 2019. |
| 39 |
Geographical scale |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Official country response to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF). Specifies geographical extent of school-based HPV immunization programme:
National, Subnational, or Site-specific. |
“National” indicates that the HPV vaccine is given throughout the entire country, while “Subnational” indicates that the HPV vaccine is given
only in certain regions of the country. |
Public access. World Health Organization. 6.4 Immunization provided at school. WHO Database. Data for 2000-2018; 2019. |
| 40 |
Target gender |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Official country response to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF). Indicates the gender targeted by the school-based HPV immunization programme. |
None. |
Public access. World Health Organization. 6.4 Immunization provided at school. WHO Database. Data for 2000-2018; 2019. |
| 41 |
Target school grade |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Official country response to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF). Indicates the class or grade targeted by the school-based HPV immunization programme. |
Indicator completed for those countries targeting children by class or grade, regardless of age. Uses class grading system of 1 to 12, where grade 1 equals
the first year in primary school, grade 2 the second year of primary school, etc. |
Public access. World Health Organization. 6.4 Immunization provided at school. WHO Database. Data for 2000-2018; 2019. |
| 42 |
Target age |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Official country response to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF). Indicates the ages targeted by the school-based HPV immunization programme. |
Indicator completed for those countries targeting children according to their age rather than class grade. |
Public access. World Health Organization. 6.4 Immunization provided at school. WHO Database. Data for 2000-2018; 2019. |
| 43 |
Delivery method |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Official country response to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF). Indicates whether the HPV vaccine is available in schools only, or in
other places outside of school: Deliver in schools only, Deliver in schools and other places. |
None. |
Public access. World Health Organization. 6.4 Immunization provided at school. WHO Database. Data for 2000-2018; 2019. |
| 44 |
Age of Sexual Debut |
HPV Vaccination Strategies |
Proportion of females who are sexually active at certain ages. |
Observations collected as part of a modeling study for HPV vaccination impact in 73 studies. Proportion of females who are sexually active at age 15, 18, 21 and 25 years
in all countries with relevant DHS data (black dots), together with the best fitting logit function (black line) and its 95% prediction interval
(shaded area). Prediction intervals are generated using Monte Carlo sampling from the variance-covariance matrix of the regression coefficients. |
Public access. Jit M, Brisson M. Potential lives saved in 73 countries by adopting multi-cohort vaccination of 9–14-year-old girls against human papillomavirus. International Journal of Cancer. 2018;143(2):317-23. |
| 45 |
Existence of national cervical cancer screening programme targeting general population |
Cervical Cancer Screening |
Official country response to the Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Country Capacity Survey in 2017.
Specifies the existence of a national cervical cancer screening programme that targets the general population. |
Countries that have responded “yes” to this variable also indicate other programme information (targeted age, screening test,
and screening sampling method). |
Public access. World Health Organization.
Noncommunicable Diseases Progress Monitor, 2017. Geneva; 2017.
Accessed August 16, 2019. |
| 46 |
Target age |
Cervical Cancer Screening |
Official country response to the Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Country Capacity Survey in 2017. Lower and upper age limit of the
targeted population for the country’s national cervical cancer screening programme. |
Countries that have responded to this variable have a national screening programme for cervical cancer in place. |
Public access. World Health Organization.
Noncommunicable Diseases Progress Monitor, 2017. Geneva; 2017.
Accessed August 16, 2019. |
| 47 |
Screening test |
Cervical Cancer Screening |
Official country response to the Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Country Capacity Survey in 2017. Countries were queried on their most widely used
screening test to detect premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix: Visual inspection, Pap smear, or HPV test. |
Visual inspection is a non-invasive and low-cost method that provides immediate results. Cytology-based methods collect cervical cells for
microscopic examination: a Pap smear observes precancerous cell changes, while an HPV test looks for the presence of high-risk HPV types. |
Public access. World Health Organization.
Noncommunicable Diseases Progress Monitor, 2017. Geneva; 2017.
Accessed August 16, 2019. |
| 48 |
Screening sampling method |
Cervical Cancer Screening |
Official country response to the Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Country Capacity Survey in 2017. Type of sampling implemented by the national
cervical cancer screening programme: Organised population-based screening, Opportunistic screening. |
Organized screening programmes are directed by national or regional teams that operate under shared guidelines with the objective to ascertain
the population burden of cervical cancer. Opportunistic screening depends on the initiative of the individual to be screened or of their health care provider. |
Public access. World Health Organization.
Noncommunicable Diseases Progress Monitor, 2017. Geneva; 2017.
Accessed August 16, 2019. |
| 49 |
Proportion of Women Who Ever Had a Cervical Cancer Screening Test |
Cervical Cancer Screening |
Proportion of women who reported they ever had a cervical cancer screening test. All studies used PAP smear as the screening test. |
Data assembled from reproductive health surveys conducted between 1997 and 2014 Survey information is listed for each study, including
the study population, survey area (urban, rural, or all), sample size, age range of the sample, and citation of the survey. |
Restricted access. HPV Information Centre (Catalan Institute of Oncology and International Agency for Research on Cancer). Public access to source publications. |
| 50 |
Proportion of Women Who Had a Cervical Cancer Screening Test in the Past Three Years |
Cervical Cancer Screening |
Proportion of women who reported they had a cervical cancer screening test in the past three years. All studies used PAP smear as the screening test. |
Data assembled from reproductive health surveys conducted between 1997 and 2014. Survey information is listed for each study, including the study population,
survey area (urban, rural, or all), sample size, age range of the sample, and citation of the survey. |
Restricted access. HPV Information Centre (Catalan Institute of Oncology and International Agency for Research on Cancer). Public access to source publications. |